Actinomycosis
Actinomycosis is a rare type of bacterial infection. It can be very serious but can usually be cured with antibiotics. It is a long-term infection that causes sores, or abscesses, in the body’s soft tissues. Actinomycosis is usually found in the:
- mouth
- nose
- throat
- lungs
- stomach
- intestines
Actinomycosis rarely appears elsewhere in the body. However, it can spread from the initial infected area to other parts of the body if illness or injury damages your tissue. Actinomycosis is not contagious. It is primarily found in tropical areas of the world.
Since the infection spreads so slowly, actinomycosis was first thought to be a fungal infection. But a family of bacteria known as Actinomycetaceae causes it. The bacteria in this family include:
- Actinomyces israelii
- Actinomyces naeslundii
- Actinomyces viscosus
- Actinomyces odontolyticus
These bacteria naturally live in your body cavities like your nose and throat but do not usually cause infection unless they can break through the protective lining of your body cavities.
Actinomycosis is treated with antibiotics. Treatment starts off in the hospital with antibiotics given directly into a vein (intravenously).
When you are well enough to go home, you will be given tablets to take for a few months. It is important to keep taking antibiotics until they are finished, even when you feel better.
You might also need surgery to drain areas of pus (abscesses) and cut out the surrounding area if it is infected.
Key facts
- Actinomycosis is a bacterial infection
- It is rare and is not contagious
- Treatment is with antibiotics that you take for a few months consistently
- The bacteria that cause actinomycosis normally live harmlessly in the body. They only cause an infection if they get into the lining of areas such as the mouth or gut.
- Any part of the body can be infected. Where it starts depends on what caused it.
Symptoms
If your mouth tissue is infected, it can cause what is commonly known as “lumpy jaw.” A hard lump can be felt in the jaw. The lump itself is not typically painful. However, it can result in a painful skin abscess that first appears as a reddish bruise at the site. Actinomycosis can also cause muscle spasms in the jaw or a “locked jaw.” If this happens, the mouth cannot open in a normal way.
The other symptoms of actinomycosis are:
- a fever
- weight loss
- lumps on the neck or face
- draining sores on the skin
- excess sinus drainage
- coughing
- chest pain
Diagnosis
Actinomycosis is usually diagnosed through a fluid or tissue sample from the affected area. Your doctor uses a microscope to check the sample for Actinomyces bacteria. Any such bacteria appear as yellowish granules.
Causes
Actinomycosis is a rare infection. Since the infection spreads so slowly, actinomycosis was first thought to be a fungal infection. But a family of bacteria known as Actinomycetaceae causes it. The bacteria in this family include:
- Actinomyces israelii
- Actinomyces naeslundii
- Actinomyces viscosus
- Actinomyces odontolyticus
These bacteria naturally live in your body cavities like your nose and throat but do not usually cause infection unless they can break through the protective lining of your body cavities.
You have an increased risk of developing actinomycosis if you:
- have a damaged immune system from medications or another illness
- are malnourished
- neglect dental care after dental surgery or trauma to the mouth or jaw
One of the most common causes of actinomycosis is an oral or dental abscess. If you have recently had an oral abscess, you should see your doctor right away. Women who have used an intrauterine device (IUD) for birth control are also considered at higher risk.
Prevention
One of the best ways to prevent actinomycosis is to practice good oral hygiene. Schedule regular visits with your dentist so that they can spot potential problems. If you get proper treatment for actinomycosis, it is highly curable and you will likely make a full recovery.
Antibiotics are the primary treatment for Actinomycosis. High doses of penicillin are usually necessary to cure the infection. If you are allergic to penicillin, your doctor can give you other antibiotics, such as:
- tetracycline
- clindamycin
- erythromycin
It can take up to a year for the antibiotics to completely cure the infection.
Any skin eruptions, or abscesses, from the infection, may need to be drained or removed. If you developed actinomycosis due to the use of an IUD, the device should be removed to prevent further infection.
Notify your doctor immediately if you have the symptoms of actinomycosis. Early, aggressive treatment decreases your likelihood of developing long-term complications and requiring surgery.
Actinomycosis starts in the soft tissues of the body, but it can infect any surrounding bone if it is left untreated. Surgery may be necessary to remove any infected bone. If the infection resides in the nasal sinuses, surgery may be required to remove damaged bone and tissue.
In rare cases, actinomycosis in the nasal sinuses can reach the brain. This may lead to another serious type of infection called meningitis.
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Actinomycosis
Actinomycosis is a rare type of bacterial infection. It can be very serious but can usually be cured with antibiotics. It is a long-term infection that causes sores, or abscesses, in the body’s soft tissues. Actinomycosis is usually found in the:
- mouth
- nose
- throat
- lungs
- stomach
- intestines
Actinomycosis rarely appears elsewhere in the body. However, it can spread from the initial infected area to other parts of the body if illness or injury damages your tissue. Actinomycosis is not contagious. It is primarily found in tropical areas of the world.
Since the infection spreads so slowly, actinomycosis was first thought to be a fungal infection. But a family of bacteria known as Actinomycetaceae causes it. The bacteria in this family include:
- Actinomyces israelii
- Actinomyces naeslundii
- Actinomyces viscosus
- Actinomyces odontolyticus
These bacteria naturally live in your body cavities like your nose and throat but do not usually cause infection unless they can break through the protective lining of your body cavities.
Actinomycosis is treated with antibiotics. Treatment starts off in the hospital with antibiotics given directly into a vein (intravenously).
When you are well enough to go home, you will be given tablets to take for a few months. It is important to keep taking antibiotics until they are finished, even when you feel better.
You might also need surgery to drain areas of pus (abscesses) and cut out the surrounding area if it is infected.
Key facts
- Actinomycosis is a bacterial infection
- It is rare and is not contagious
- Treatment is with antibiotics that you take for a few months consistently
- The bacteria that cause actinomycosis normally live harmlessly in the body. They only cause an infection if they get into the lining of areas such as the mouth or gut.
- Any part of the body can be infected. Where it starts depends on what caused it.
Symptoms
If your mouth tissue is infected, it can cause what is commonly known as “lumpy jaw.” A hard lump can be felt in the jaw. The lump itself is not typically painful. However, it can result in a painful skin abscess that first appears as a reddish bruise at the site. Actinomycosis can also cause muscle spasms in the jaw or a “locked jaw.” If this happens, the mouth cannot open in a normal way.
The other symptoms of actinomycosis are:
- a fever
- weight loss
- lumps on the neck or face
- draining sores on the skin
- excess sinus drainage
- coughing
- chest pain
Diagnosis
Actinomycosis is usually diagnosed through a fluid or tissue sample from the affected area. Your doctor uses a microscope to check the sample for Actinomyces bacteria. Any such bacteria appear as yellowish granules.
Causes
Actinomycosis is a rare infection. Since the infection spreads so slowly, actinomycosis was first thought to be a fungal infection. But a family of bacteria known as Actinomycetaceae causes it. The bacteria in this family include:
- Actinomyces israelii
- Actinomyces naeslundii
- Actinomyces viscosus
- Actinomyces odontolyticus
These bacteria naturally live in your body cavities like your nose and throat but do not usually cause infection unless they can break through the protective lining of your body cavities.
You have an increased risk of developing actinomycosis if you:
- have a damaged immune system from medications or another illness
- are malnourished
- neglect dental care after dental surgery or trauma to the mouth or jaw
One of the most common causes of actinomycosis is an oral or dental abscess. If you have recently had an oral abscess, you should see your doctor right away. Women who have used an intrauterine device (IUD) for birth control are also considered at higher risk.
Prevention
One of the best ways to prevent actinomycosis is to practice good oral hygiene. Schedule regular visits with your dentist so that they can spot potential problems. If you get proper treatment for actinomycosis, it is highly curable and you will likely make a full recovery.
Antibiotics are the primary treatment for Actinomycosis. High doses of penicillin are usually necessary to cure the infection. If you are allergic to penicillin, your doctor can give you other antibiotics, such as:
- tetracycline
- clindamycin
- erythromycin
It can take up to a year for the antibiotics to completely cure the infection.
Any skin eruptions, or abscesses, from the infection, may need to be drained or removed. If you developed actinomycosis due to the use of an IUD, the device should be removed to prevent further infection.
Notify your doctor immediately if you have the symptoms of actinomycosis. Early, aggressive treatment decreases your likelihood of developing long-term complications and requiring surgery.
Actinomycosis starts in the soft tissues of the body, but it can infect any surrounding bone if it is left untreated. Surgery may be necessary to remove any infected bone. If the infection resides in the nasal sinuses, surgery may be required to remove damaged bone and tissue.
In rare cases, actinomycosis in the nasal sinuses can reach the brain. This may lead to another serious type of infection called meningitis.
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