Reduction of a Patella Dislocation
The patella, commonly known as the kneecap, is one of the four bones (femur, tibia, fibula, and patella) that makes up your knee joint. When it slips out of the knee joint, the condition is known as a patellar dislocation.
Patellar dislocations are common, particularly in adolescent females and athletes. Having a structural abnormality in the patella puts you at a high risk of patellar dislocations.
A patellar dislocation may be due to direct trauma to your patella or twisting of your knee. Along with the patellar dislocation, the injury may also result in the fracture of the patella, tibia, or femur simultaneously.
If you get a patellar dislocation, you would not be able to extend your knee, walking might feel painful and fluid might get filled in your knee, which can be observed as swelling.
Patella dislocation surgery is mainly done in cases of injury to the patella either sustained through sport, fall from height, fight, etc.
Possible risks of the procedure include:
- Fracture of the patella bone
- Injury to the adjacent nerves or arteries
- anaesthesia side effects like headache, nausea and confusion
- infection
- bleeding and blood clots
- damage to nerves or blood vessels
The reduction of patellar dislocation is a simple and safe procedure that aligns the patella correctly in the knee joint and restores it to its normal position. If not associated with fractures, it can be performed manually.
Painkillers are usually not required before the reduction procedure. If you get anxious, your doctor might sedate you or give local anaesthesia to numb your knee.
- Reduction of patellar dislocation is performed in the following way:
- Your doctor will cradle your affected leg in one of his/her arms.
- He will then slightly flex your hip to relax the quadriceps muscle located in front of your thigh.
- Next, he will gently extend your lower leg that will spontaneously align the patella correctly.
Your doctor will examine your knee physically to check if the reduction has been successful. An X-ray of the knee joint will be ordered to confirm whether your dislocated patella has been restored correctly.
Next, your knee will be immediately wrapped in a brace, cast, or splint for approximately three to four weeks, or you may need to use crutches for a few weeks. You will need to follow up with your doctor as advised.
After reduction, recovery from the patellar dislocation usually takes approximately six to eight weeks. With the help of a physical therapist, you can learn some exercises to strengthen the muscles around your knee and thigh that will fasten your recovery.
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